At the 19th International Architecture Exhibition – La Biennale di Venezia, the Spanish Pavilion presents a groundbreaking project titled "Internali-ties: Architectures for Territorial Equilibrium", curated by architects Roi Salgueiro and Manuel Bouzas. This innovative initiative explores how architecture can actively reduce environmental externalities associated with construction and urban development, aiming to contribute to Spain's decarbonization efforts. The project responds to the Biennale's overarching theme, "Intelligent. Natural. Artificial. Collective", curated by Carlo Ratti, which highlights different forms of intelligence developed to combat climate change.

The concept of "Internalities" fundamentally contrasts with the well-established "Externality," a term coined by economist Arthur Pigou to describe the indirect costs adversely affecting territories and communities. In construction, externalities include emissions, waste, and resource depletion - responsible for approximately 37% of global CO2 emissions. The Pavilion advocates for an architecture that internalizes these impacts, proposing methods to minimize dependence on global resource flows by emphasizing local, regenerative, and low-carbon materials. The aim is to establish a balance where architecture can not only mitigate environmental harm but also stimulate local economic revival.

The exhibition features 16 architectural projects from various studios across Spain, each demonstrating strategies to internalize materials sourced within their regional context. These projects utilize local stones, woods, earth, natural fibers, and innovative urban mining techniques, exemplifying how architecture can operate within finite ecological boundaries. Complemented by models at different scales, the displays highlight the relationship between building systems and their territorial origins - showing the journey of materials from land to structure and emphasizing territorial harmony.

Five dedicated sections - Materials, Energy, Trades, Waste, and Emissions - delve into specific themes related to decarbonization. Each section is curated by local experts who investigate resource chains, technological innovations, traditional building techniques, waste management, and CO2 lifecycle management across different Spanish regions. For instance